If you’re starting a business with partners, choosing the right legal structure is a critical step. An S corporation (S corp) might be a great option, offering tax benefits and liability protection. But is it the right fit for your business? Here’s what you need to know.
Liability Protection: A Key Advantage
One of the biggest benefits of an S corp over a partnership is that it protects shareholders from being personally responsible for business debts. To maintain this protection, you’ll need to:
- Ensure the corporation is properly funded,
- Keep the corporation as a separate legal entity, and
- Follow state requirements, such as filing articles of incorporation, adopting bylaws, electing a board of directors, and holding regular meetings.
Managing Early Losses
Many businesses operate at a loss in the early years. If you choose an S corp, you may be able to deduct your share of these losses on your personal tax return, up to the amount you’ve invested in the company (your stock basis) and any loans you’ve made to the business. If your losses exceed this amount, you can carry them forward to offset future income when your business turns profitable.
Understanding Taxes and Profits
Unlike a traditional corporation (C corp), an S corp doesn’t pay federal income tax at the corporate level. Instead, profits pass through to shareholders and are reported on their personal tax returns. This means:
- You pay tax on your share of the company’s income, whether or not you take money out of the business.
- Your share of the S corp’s profit isn’t subject to self-employment tax, but wages paid to you as an employee will be subject to Social Security and Medicare taxes.
- If your income qualifies as Qualified Business Income (QBI), you may be eligible for a 20% tax deduction, though this benefit is set to expire after 2025 unless extended by Congress.
Fringe Benefits Considerations
If you plan to offer benefits like health and life insurance, keep in mind that for shareholders owning more than 2% of the business, these benefits are taxable personally, even though they are deductible as business expenses.
Protecting Your S Corp Status
S corps come with specific rules, and breaking them could revoke your S corp status, leading to higher taxes. To stay compliant:
- Be cautious about transferring stock—only individuals, certain trusts, and estates can be shareholders. Other businesses and nonresident aliens cannot.
- Keep the number of shareholders under 100.
- Consider having shareholders sign an agreement to prevent actions that could jeopardize S corp status.
Making the Best Choice for Your Business
Choosing the right entity can have long-term implications for your taxes, liability, and business growth. If you’re unsure whether an S corp is right for you, consult with a business advisor or accountant. We can help you weigh your options and set your business up for success from the start! Contact us to get started.